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TECH BULLETIN - Power Steering Service
 

Power Steering Maintenance

Inspection and replacement of defective power steering hoses is essential for driver safety and eliminates the expensive repairing or replacing of the steering pump, rack and pinion or other components.

Hoses should be replaced after 20,000 to 24,000 miles as preventive maintenance. During that time and mileage, the hoses loose their effectiveness and are subject to failure.

Causes of Wear

Power Steering Hoses are subjected to far greater stresses and wear in the late model cars than they were in early vehicles. Pump operating pressures have increased from 650-900 P.S.I. to 900-1,450 P.S.I. Operating temperatures now range between 150-250 degrees F. Later model cars are equipped with power steering pump oil coolers to control this heat.

High temperature pulsations cause power steering hoses to deteriorate from the inside. The constant flexing and pressure surges result in the breaking off of small particles of hose, which are carried through the entire system. This can cause the strainer to clog and valves to stick, resulting in system malfunction.

Repair Kits

Custom designed power steering repair kits are supplied for all of the major components of the Integral, Linkage and Rack and Pinion Systems.

Contaminated System

Guidelines For Inspection and Service

Replacement of power steering hose is warranted when visual inspection indicates the following:

Brittleness Or Hardness:  An early sign of internal wear:
the hose has lost its ability to absorb pressure surges.

Soft, Spongy Hose:  A more serious sign of wear, indicating advanced internal deterioration and probable leakage.

Leakage Of Power Steering Fluid:  Is easily detected by visual inspection of the hose at the end fittings.

External Wear And Abrasion:  Caused by contact with manifold or other engine parts, calls for replacement and realignment of hose.

Thick, Sludgy Fluid in Pump Reservoir:  Indicates internal hose wear and need for a complete flush of system.

Some signs of wear are noticeable to the driver, including noise or excessive vibration when turning or hard turning in either direction. These are danger symptoms calling for a test of the system and replacement of parts as required.

Diagnostic Chart

 Condition

Possible Cause 

Correction 

Hard Steering Low tire pressure Inflate tires to correct pressure 
Improper front suspension alignment Re-align to specifications 
High internal leakage (pump or gear) Check pump pressure; replace affected pump parts or replace complete pump 
Low oil level in reservoir Add recommended type of P/S oil to proper level 
Pump belt loose or glazed Tighten or replace belt 
Lack of lubricant in suspension or ball joints Lubricate or replace parts as needed 
Overcenter adjustment too tight Readjust to specifications 
Spool valve or flow control valve plugged or sticking Clean or replace as required 
Steering gear coupler to column is misaligned Align steering column 
Momentary increase in steering wheel effort when turned rapidly Fluid level low in reservoir Check level; Add recommended type of P/S oil to proper level 
Pump belt slipping Tighten or replace belt 
High internal leakage Check pump pressure; replace affected pump parts or replace complete pump  
Steering wheel surges or jerks with engine running, especially at slow speeds Pump belt loose Tighten or replace belt 
Low oil level in reservoir Check level; Add recommended type of P/S oil to proper level 
Engine idle too slow Raise idle as required 
Air in the system Check all P/S hose connections and pump for leaks 
Insufficient pump pressure Check pump pressure; replace affected pump parts or replace complete pump  
Flow control valve sticks Check valve for dirt or burrs; replace as needed 
Steering linkage hitting obstruction Locate obstruction and repair 
Sticky flow control valve Inspect for varnish or damage; clean or replace as necessary 
Excessive steering wheel return or loose steering Air in the system Add P/S fluid to system and bleed the system; check all connections and hoses for leaks 
Excessive overcenter lash Adjust to specifications 
Loose steering gear mounting Retourque mounting bolts 
Steering linkage is worn or damaged Inspect and replace affected parts 
Steering coupler is loose or damaged Inspect, tighten or replace as required 
Loose thrust bearing preload adjustment Adjust to specifications 
Loose or damaged front wheel bearings Inspect, adjust or replace as required 
Vehicle wandering from side to side Front end misaligned Check and align to specifications 
Worn front end parts or wheel bearings Inspect and replace affected parts 
Unbalanced or badly worn steering gear control valve Inspect and replace affected parts  
Poor steering wheel return Tires underinflated Inflate tires to correct pressure  
Steering gear adjustment too tight Check adjustment with pitman arm disconnected; readjust if necessary 
Front end misaligned Check and align to specifications  
Steering coupler misaligned, hitting obstruction or damaged Inspect, adjust or replace affected parts  
Binding or lack of lubrication in steering linkage or ball jointsInspect, lubricate or replace affected parts
Sticky or plugged steering gear spool valve Clean or replace 
Internal leakage in steering gear Inspect seals, replace as required or overhaul steering gear 

Power Steering System Noises

 Condition

Possible Cause 

Correction 

Hissing NoiseSome hissing noise is normal in all power steering systems.  Under certain conditions, such as tight parking maneuvers or turning the wheel from stop to stop, a hissing sound is most noticable.  There is no direct relationship to the hissing noise and the performance of the steering system.Nothing required
Control valve of power steering pump may be sticking in boreReplace the pump contol valve only if the hissing noise is extremely objectionable.  Check the coupler on the steering column for any metal to metal contact that may transmit the sound to the passenger compartment. 
Grear Squawk Damper "O" ring on spool valve is cutReplace "O" ring
Growling Restriction in the power steering systemLocate restriction and correct; replace parts as necessary
Extreme wear on cam ringReplace affected parts 
Scored pump pressure plate, thrust plate or rotorReplace affected parts  
Groan Fluid level low in reservoirCheck level and fill to specifications
Air in the systemCheck connections and hoses for leaks; repair and bleed the system 
Pump swish sound Defective pump control valveInspect valve for burrs or nicks; replace as necessary 
Pump whinePump shaft bushing or bearing is scored or worn Inspect pump shaft, bushing or bearing; replace affected parts 
Belt squeal or chirp Belt glazed or looseAdjust or replace belt
Rattle or chuckle Pressure hose coming in contact with other paets of carReposition power steering pressure hose
Loose pump or steering gear mountingRe-torque to specifications
Loose steering linkageInspect steering linkage for excessive play; replace affected parts as necessary
High point on steering gear improperly adjustedReadjust to proper setting
Improperly installed pump vanesInspect, adjust or replace affected parts  
Pump vanes sticking in rotor slotsRemove burrs and varnish from rotor and vanes, replace as necessary

CarCareAware


 
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